Internal combustion engine



@Cifi 24, 1933. L R, BERNARQ 31 55 32 3332 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed June 25, 1932 3 Sheets-Sheet l flfl \ fizzyzzsie Lazzzs 1 1 622 Bernard A 502% 4- A. L. R. BERNARD INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed June 25, 1932 fizz ma or" z? zzyzzsie Law};

a? Afzozwg I .A 2 d 2 O/ H 4 :2; Z f// i w 5 6 w n W W :2, g 2 W J 3 j m 1 r 47 6 J F W 9 2 v A. L. R. BERNARE 55%23552 KNTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE I Filed June 23, 2.932 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Oct. 24, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Application June 23, 1932, Serial No. 618,962, and

in Belgium .l'ul'j 9, 1931 8 Claims. (01. 12371) The present invention relates to internal combustion engines of the type provided with a crank shaft, an air pump and a fuel injector.

One of the objects of the invention is to provide an internal combustion engine in which an air pump and a fuel injecting pump are driven by the crank shaft in a predetermined timed relation.

Another object is to provide a motor in which a crank shaft drives a lever and link system including an element executing an oscillating movement, said system actuating an air pump and a fuel injecting pump in a predetermined timed relation.

Further objects will appear in the course of the detailed description now to be given with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 represents a vertical axial section through one illustrative embodiment of the invention;

Figures 2 and 3 are diagrammatic sections showing two possible variants of the assembly represented in Figure 1;

Figure 4 shows, in diagrammatic section, a special arrangement for driving a fuel injecting P p;

Figure 5 shows another form of the invention diifering only in detail from those illustrated in the preceding figures;

Figure 6 is a side view, partially in section, of the structure shown in Figure 5;

Figure 7 is an enlarged detail of the motor illustrated in Figures 5 and 6 as seen in a section taken on line 7-7 of Figure 6.

The invention will be described for the sake of simplicity as applied to a single cylinder, two cycle motor provided with an air pump and a fuel injecting pump.

Referring to Figuresl to 3 of the drawings, there is shown a series of motors each provided with a cylinder 1, a piston 2, a connecting rod 3 pivotally engaging at opposite extremities with piston 2 and with a crank shaft 4, an annular cylindrical shell 5 enclosing cylinder 1 and forming the outer wall of an air pump communicating via ports 7 with cylinder 1, and an annular piston 6 mounted to reciprocate in the space between cylinders 1 and 5.

Ports 7are positioned so that (1), when piston 2 is in the vicinity of its lower dead point, the latter uncovers said ports' and permits air to enter cylinder 1 from the air pump and (2), when piston 2 is in the vicinity of its upper dead point, ports 7 are again uncovered so as to establish conununication between the air in the crank case and the inside of cylinder 5.

A lever and link system is connected to, and

driven by, the crank shaft and operates to actuate both piston 6 and a fuel injecting pump to be described. This system includes a lever 8 mounted to oscillate about a fixed axis 9 and provided with a first arm 12 articulating with a link 13 pivotally connected at 14 to the connecting rod preferably to its head, and a second arm 10 driving piston 6 either through the intermediary of a link 11 (Figure 1) or directly (Figures 2 and 3) in a manner to be described.

It is to be noted that, in moving through space, element 14 describes an ellipse A represented in dot and dash lines.

The products of combustion escape from the cylinder through an exhaust pipe which is closed by a valve 25. This valve is opened at the proper times by suitable mechanism of any well known type.

The position of pivotal axis 9 and the length of lever arm 12 and link 13 should be chosen so that, when element 14 makes a complete elliptical movement, 1. e. when lever 8 completes an oscillation in opposite directions, the elliptical arc corresponding to the movement of lever in one direction is greater than the one corresponding to its movement in the opposite direction.

The various elements of the lever and link system should also be designed so that the speed of movement of annular piston 6 upwardly is greater than its movement in the downward direction, whereby the air discharged from the pump acts to first scavenge the burnt gases in cylinder 1 and then to fill the latter preparatory to the explosion next following.

As a matter of design, it is found to be advantageous to mount the cylinder 2. little bit out of line with the motor axis so as to assure proper movement of pistons 2 and 6 relatively to their communicating ports and obtain optimum distribution.

If axis 9 be mounted in a fixed position as shown in Figure 1, it is necessary to interpose link 11 between arm 10 and lever 8 and piston 6.

If, on the contrary, axis 9 be slidably mounted or, better still, supported and guided by a supporting element 15 (Figures 2 and 3) oscillating about an axis 16 mounted either further (Figure 2) or nearer (Figure 3) to the crank shaft axis than axis 9, arm 10 may be connected directly to piston 6.

According to the position of axis 16 and the length of the lever arm, the irregularity of movebent being sought for lever 8 will be difierent as also the instant at which pistons 2 and 6 pass their respective ports of communication. lBy varying any one or all of the foregoing factors, the motor may be given any particular operating characteristics desired.

In virtue of the irregular movement thus obtained, piston 6 will move downward more slowly than upward, i. e., the intake period will be longer than the discharge.

In a motor in actual use and of the type shown in the drawings, satisfactory operating conditions were found to exist when (1) axis 9 was mounted laterally with respect to cylinder 1 and above the crank shaft (2) lever 8 was bent so that arm 12 pointed downwardly, arm 12 being connected to element 14 by link 13 and being furthest removed from this latter element, and (3) the length of the various levers and links was chosen so that the are described by the extremity of arm 10 is about 60 and substantially symmetrical with relation to a horizontal line passing through axis 9.

Any one of the hereinabove described motors may be provided with means for driving a fuel injecting pump 17.

In the form of assembly represented in Figure 1, an oscillating cam 18 is rigidly connected to lever 8 and reacts directly on the piston of injecting pump 17, the cam profile being chosen so that injection occurs at the proper time. The same means may be employed for actuating the injecting pump in motors of the type represented in Figures 2 and 3.

If desired, an oscillating cam may be rigidly connected to element 15 (Figures 2 and 3) the latter executing either one or two oscillations for each turn of the motor and in accordance with the design of the lever and link system chosen. If axis 9, for example, is higher than the upper dead point (Figure 2) or lower than the lower dead point of the axis of articulation of lever 10 with piston 6, said axis will effect only one oscillation per motor turn and it suffices to rigidly connect a cam similar to cam 18 to element 15 to insure actuation of the injecting pump under proper conditions. If, contrariwise, axis 9 (Figure 3) is mounted between the levels of the aforementioned dead points, the axis of articulation in question will make two oscillations for each rotation of the motor and it becomes necessary to eliminate the effect of one of said oscillations. If, therefore, a cam be rigidly connected to element 15, it is necessary, at least in the case where the cam movement whose effect is to be eliminated is of embarrassing amplitude, to provide means for rendering the cam inoperative during one oscillation in two. Devices for obtaining such an effect are well known to those skilled in the art and will, therefore, not be described here.

In the form of apparatus represented in Figures 4 to 7, an injecting pump actuating assembly is shown including a link 19 connecting the piston of the injecting pump to a point in the lever and link system describing a curve having a portion which rises (or falls) relatively to the position which said link occupies at the instant that injection should take place. In actual practies, the various points along link 13 describe curves of suitable form. Thus, if a point 20 on link 13 be chosen lying nearer arm 12 than point 14, it is found that it describes a closed curve D presenting a portion represented by the thickened full line in Figures ii and 5 traversed by point 20 during the period that the longest injection intended to be affected takes place (that is to say, extending at least from a little in advance of the upper dead point to an angle of, for example, 30 beyond said point). It suflices to mount link 19 so that. when point 20 moves through the heavy full line portion of curve B, the injecting pump piston moves upward.

In Figure 4, point 20 is chosen as above described, and link 19 articulates directly with the injecting pumps piston.

In the form of assembly represented in Figures 5 to '7, a tumbler 19' is interposed between link 19 and the injecting pump piston, said tumbler oscillating about axis 9 and being connected at one extremity to link 19, its other extremity reacting on the injecting pump piston.

If the form of assembly shown in Figures 5 to '7 be employed, it may be easily fitted with manually operated starting means. To this end, tumbler 19' is made in two parts, one part being connected to link 19 and the other 19" being loosely mounted on the axis of oscillation of the tumbler and receiving a thrust from the first of said two parts during the injection period, an abutment 19" integral with the first of said two parts acting to produce this latter effect.

If element 19" be provided with a finger 21, it will at once be seen that, when the motor is started, by exerting a sudden push on said finger so as to separate elements 19 and 19", injection will take place, provided tumbler 19 does not occupy the position corresponding to the end of the injection period.

In order to effect this push on finger 21, a handle 22 is provided reacting on an extension 23 through the intermediary of a rod 24.

Whatever be the means selected for actuating the injecting pump piston, the latter should move through the same course at each rotation of the motor. Nevertheless, it is desirable that means be provided for varying the amount of fuel discharged by the injecting pump so as to vary the motor speed or maintain the latter constant under varying loads. To this end, recourse may be had to any one of a number of well known devices such as, for example, a piston provided with profiled surfaces coacting with ports leading to the motor cylinder, said piston being rotatable about its axis so as to vary either the beginning or the end of the injection period, rotation of the piston being affected manually, by a centrifugal regulator or otherwise.

As concerns means for assuring proper discharge of burnt gases, this may be effected in any appropriate manner, for example, so as to obtain discharge at the end of the piston course or discharge through a valve 25 positioned in the cylinder head.

Motors of the type hereinabove described mounted inside of a proper hood or casing containing a muffler and the various auxiliary structures necessary for their operation constitute complete closed units.

As will be obvious to those skilled in the art, the lever and link system hereinabove described may be connected to the crank shaft of a multicylinder motor to operate for each cylinder in a manner similar to that described for the single cylinder motor selected as an illustration.

What I claim is:-

1. In a two-cycle internal combustion engine provided with a cylinder, a piston, a crank shaft, 9. connecting rod interposed between said piston and said crank shaft, an air pump and a fuel injecting pump, a lever provided with two arms and mounted to oscillate about a fixed axis, means connecting one arm of said lever in driven relation to said connecting rod, means connecting said air pump in driven relation to the other arm of said lever, and means operative by oscillation of said lever to actuate said fuel injecting pump.

2. In a two-cycle internal combustion engine provided with a cylinder, a piston, a crank shaft, a connecting rod interposed between said piston and said crank shaft, an air pump and a fuel injecting pump, a lever provided with two arms and mounted to oscillate about a fixed axis, means connecting one arm of said lever in driven relation to said connecting rod, means connecting said air pump in driven relation to the other arm of said lever, and a cam mounted to oscillate with said lever, said cam operating to actuate said fuel injecting pump.

- 3. In a two-cycle internal combustion engine provided with a cylinder, a piston, a crank shaft, a connecting rod interposed between said piston and said crank shaft, an air pump and a fuel injecting pump, an oscillatable support, a lever provided with a pair of arms and mounted to oscillate on said oscillating support as an axis. means connecting one arm of said lever in driven relation to said connecting rod means connecting said air pump in driven relation to the other arm of said lever, and a cam supported on said oscillating support and operative to actuate said fuel injecting pump.

4. In a two-cycle internal combustion engine provided with a cylinder, a-piston, a crank shaft, a connecting rod interposed between said piston and said crank shaft, an air pump and a fuel injecting pump, a movable support, a movable lever mounted to oscillate on said movable support as an axis, means connecting one arm of said lever in driven relation with said connecting rod, means connecting said air pump in driven relation to the other arm of said lever, and means supported on said movable support and operative to actuate said fuel injecting pump.

5. In a two-cycle internal combustion engine provided with a cylinder, a piston, a crank shaft, a connecting rod interposed between said piston and said crank shaft, an air pump and a fuel injecting pump a lever provided with a pair of arms, a link connecting one arm of said lever in driven relation to said connecting rod, means connecting said air pump in driven relation to the other arm of said lever, and means including a second link pivotally connected to said first named link, said means being operative to actuate said fuel injecting pump.

6. A structure as defined in claim 5 wherein said last named means also includes a tumbler interposed between said fuel injecting pump and said second link, said second link being connected in driving relation to said tumbler.

'7. In a two-cycle internal combustion engine provided with a cylinder, a piston, a crank shaft, a connecting rod interposed between said piston and crank shaft, an air pump and a fuel injecting pump, a lever including two arms, a link connecting one arm of said lever in driven relation to said connecting rod, means connecting the other arm of said lever in driving relation to said air pump, a second link articulating with said first link, a tumbler mounted in driven relation to said second link, and means including a finger mounted to be actuated by said tumbler and reacting on said fuel injecting pump.

8. A structure as defined in claim 7 in combination with manually operative means'for actuating said last named means independently of said tumbler..

AUGUSTE LOUIS RENE BERNARD. 

